What are the advantages of hypoid gearing?

Conventional spiral bevel gearing, meshing in the position shown at the bottom of the drawing, has a purely rolling meshing action that is mechanically very efficient.  Its drawback is that it offers the smallest total tooth contact area, so its torque throughput capacity is lower.  Single-stage spiral bevel gearing is limited to about a 6:1 reduction ratio.   It’s easy to get higher ratios with multiple-stage configurations, but the additional gear stage lowers mechanical efficiency, increases backlash, consumes space and weight and reduces reliability.

Conventional worm gearing, meshing in the position shown at the top of the drawing, has a very high total tooth contact area.  While it offers high torque throughput and high ratio reduction, worm gearing has the lowest mechanical efficiency, due to the friction generated by its high component of sliding action.  Worm gearing is also subject to the kind of wear that demands adjustment in order to maintain accuracy.

Hypoid gearing, meshing at the intermediate position, offers mostly rolling action with a small component of sliding action.  It has a greater tooth contact area than bevel gearing, so its load-carrying capability is greater.